{"id":6213,"date":"2024-08-21T21:53:38","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T02:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/?p=6213"},"modified":"2024-08-21T21:54:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T02:54:27","slug":"technical-it-was-dns-its-always-dns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/technical-it-was-dns-its-always-dns\/","title":{"rendered":"Technical &#8211; It Was DNS!  It&#8217;s Always DNS"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6214 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Fort-Barrancas-Brent-Blog-Thumbnail-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">It was DNS, It\u2019s Always DNS!<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><br \/>\nWhat is DNS and how I broke it.<\/span><\/h2>\n<hr>\n<p>&nbsp; Last week.&nbsp; Catracing.org suffered a 24 hour downtime.&nbsp; This made my WordPress (blog), the phpBB (Forum site, and the Commodore 64 Bulletin Board system running in emulation unable to their users on the internet.&nbsp; I am fortunate to be able to maintain 98.5% uptime on my self hosted services!&nbsp; So to me it is a bit deal when something breaks, especially when looking back I am the one who caused the issue!&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; So what happened?&nbsp; In a nutshell, I broke DNS!.&nbsp; Through a well intentioned but poorly planned migration from one DNS service provide to another, a simple but catastrophic misunderstanding of a key piece of the top level of DNS, and nor remembering a key password put me at the mercy of waiting on customer support.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; The ability of being able to come up with a workable plan B prevented me from experiencing an even lengthier downtime.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; So let\u2019s take a look at a few things, what is DNS, how did I break it, how did I fix it, and what can I do to prevent or mitigate a similar failure in the future.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">How did I break it?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp; Upon returning from Korea and becoming an ATT internet customer, SMTP (Port 25) has been blocked both incoming and outgoing.&nbsp; This is commonly done by internet service providers to combat spam, due to improperly configured email servers.&nbsp; To get around this and continue running my email server had to subscribe to an SMTP replay service.&nbsp; One of the other services this company provides is dynamic hostname registration, and providing zone level DNS services, which I have previously been getting from dyndns.org.&nbsp; I had the bright idea, that if my SMTP relay server will also do dynamic IP and zone level DNS, I can cancel the dyndns services and only pay one company for all 3 services!&nbsp; Great idea, right?&nbsp; It would have been, if I had remember all the key processes of DNS name resolution and all of the steps I needed to do to migrate.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; To compound the problem, I forgot the password to go in and make the changes that would set everything right, but more on that in a second.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">What is DNS?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp; Let\u2019s take a step back to give a very quick and dirty rundown on what is DNS, you can better understand where my problem lay.&nbsp; DNS or Domain Name Services is a hierarchical group (A very very large group) of servers that match domain names (google.com, yahoo.com, catracing.org) to their respective ip addresses.&nbsp; While you and I think in terms of names, computers thing in terms of numbers. A computer really has no idea what google.com is, however it does know it by its Internet Protocol \u201cIP\u201d address 74.125.136.104.&nbsp; &nbsp;Think of it as a White Pages of the internet.&nbsp;&nbsp; If you wanted to call Baxter D. Bat, unless you call him all the time, you might not remember that his phone # is (619)555-1212.&nbsp; So, you took out the phone book, looked up Bat, then found Baxter D, and then had the number you could then call him on the phone.&nbsp; Keep this analogy of comparing an IP address and a phone number in your head, it will come in handy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; For instance, just like a phone number has multiple parts (Area Code)Local Prefix \u2013 Subscriber Number.&nbsp; NOTE:&nbsp; I am omitting country code for simplicity.&nbsp; So does a domain name.&nbsp; Let\u2019s take <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catracing.org\">www.catracing.org<\/a> for example.&nbsp; I am going to work this backwards from right to left, because it better feeds in to what I broke, so work with me here.&nbsp; .org (TLD or Top Level Domain), .catracing (domain), www. (subdomain).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; The Top Level Domain or TLD is the groups IANA breaks down the taxonomy of various internet services.&nbsp; For instance.<\/p>\n<p>.org = Non Profit Organization<br \/>\n.com = Commercial Organization<br \/>\n.net = Network service provider<br \/>\n.gov = Government Organization.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; In a nutshell, here is what happens when you type <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catracing.org\">www.catracing.org<\/a> into your web browser and hit return.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; Your IP stack will look to be what the lowest level DNS service is, if you are on a corporate network, and have you own DNS server it will first query this server to ask if it knows who <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catracing.org\">www.catracing.org<\/a> is.&nbsp;&nbsp; Most likely it will not, so it will ask the DNS server if it has a forwarder configured.&nbsp; Let\u2019s say it does, and it is configured for 8.8.8.8 (Googles Name Server).&nbsp; It goes out and asks the Google Name Server.&nbsp; Google says, NOPE, so it sends it out to its forwarder, and let\u2019s say it is actually IANA.&nbsp; It looks in it\u2019s .org TLD, and say\u2019s yup I see catracing.org, and in the domain registration, which was done by name.com, it shows the name server it is registered under is&nbsp; ns1161.dns.dyn.com.&nbsp; So the next DNS query is to ns1661.dns.dyn.com.&nbsp; Do you know who www.catracing.org is?&nbsp;&nbsp; \u201cWhy yes I do, its IP address is 104.57.170.70.&nbsp; Now the computer knows the ip address, your computer can go there and retrieve the web page.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">So,&nbsp; What happened?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp; Now that I have gone over how DNS works, and put the pieces in place that would cause catracing.org to become unavailable for 24 hours, lets go over how it happened.<\/p>\n<p>I painstakingly recreated my DNS zone records on my new service, and used nslookup directed to their servers to make sure everything was resolving correctly.&nbsp; Which it did.&nbsp; Calling it good I canceled the service on dyndns.org.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; Several hours later when I was already asleep, catracing.org completely disappeared from the internet!&nbsp; I did not catch the notification that my blog was unreachable until later in the day.&nbsp; At first, I thought that the script I wrote to update my ip address did not work, and my IP address had changed.&nbsp; However while pinging it, I noticed that it wasn\u2019t just the pings to my IP address were coming back unreachable, it was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catracing.org\">www.catracing.org<\/a> could not be resolved.. &nbsp;&nbsp;I had forgotten that the top level query, if it needed to do so, would tell whoever was searching for my site, to look on the dyndns.org servers, and I had completely removed my domain records.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; Okay, no problem, I just need to go update my domain registration with the new DNS servers.&nbsp; Oh no!&nbsp; I have not done anything with that account since they spun out of DYNDNS.ORG in 2019!&nbsp; I don\u2019t remember my password.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; I know what you are asking yourself, Just ask for a password retrieval..&nbsp;&nbsp; Simple..&nbsp; Except\u2026. If you can\u2019t find .catracing.org on the internet.&nbsp; How will you send the email with the recovery link.&nbsp; There, right there lay the real crux of the matter!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; I contacted their support, and they could change my registered email address, provided I can prove who I am, and that I am a living person.&nbsp; No problem!&nbsp; Sent what they asked me, however.&nbsp; The address associated with my domain registration was from 2019, and did not match my address that I had moved from twice and was not on my current ID.&nbsp; So with the site already being down 24 hours, the easiest way would be to re-open the account with DYNDNS.ORG (Which turned out to only be $5 for a month).&nbsp; Recreate enough of the zone records (The MX record is really the only one I needed), wait potentially 24 \u2013 48 hours worst case (DYNDNS.ORG) had me available within an hour.&nbsp; Retrieve the password recovery link, then update the DNS information in my domain registration information.&nbsp; Which is what I ultimately decided to do.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; It took less than an hour to get at least my domain and MX record reestablished, and searchable again on the internet.&nbsp; I now have until the middle of September to try migrating my outside DNS.&nbsp; At least this time I have a plan!&nbsp; Have access to all of the necessary accounts and have time to have a fall back in case it does not work!&nbsp; All things I should have thought about and had available to me the first time!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; Had this been at work and a critical piece of the business I supported, it would have been embarrassing at best, a resume updating event at worse, but this is one of the reasons I choose to self host!&nbsp; So I can learn these kinds of lessons at home, and not in an environment where I am playing \u201cBet Your Job\u201d!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; I hope you enjoyed this week\u2019s blog, I hope you come back next week for more exciting content!&nbsp; If you wish to be notified when new content is posted, please consider registering by clicking <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/wp-login.php\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">HERE!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It was DNS, It\u2019s Always DNS! What is DNS and how I broke it. &nbsp; Last week.&nbsp; Catracing.org suffered a 24 hour downtime.&nbsp; This made my WordPress (blog), the phpBB (Forum site, and the Commodore 64 Bulletin Board system running <span class=\"excerpt-dots\">&hellip;<\/span> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catracing.org\/hendrb\/technical-it-was-dns-its-always-dns\/\"><span class=\"more-msg\">Continue reading &rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Technical - It Was DNS! 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